Meter

Design and code a class named Meter that holds information about the hydro-electric energy used by a household.  Upon instantiation, a Meter object receives

• an integer holding an account number,
• a floating-point number holding the basic charge rate per kilowatt-hour,
• a floating-point number holding the excess charge rate per kilowatt-hour and
• an integer holding the threshold number of kilowatt-hours to which the basic charge rate applies and from which the excess charge rate applies. 

Your design includes the following functions:

• void record(double) - a modifier that receives the kilowatt-hours used since the last recording and accounts for this value.  If the value received is invalid, this modifier ignores the value altogether. 
• double charge() - a modifier that returns the accumulated charge recorded since the last initialization and re-initializes the accumulated charge to zero. 
• double excess() const - a query that returns the number of accumulated kilowatt-hours in excess of the threshold. 
• double excessRate() const - a query that returns the charge rate that applies to kilowatt-hours in excess of the threshold. 
• double basicRate() const - a query that returns the charge rate that applies to kilowatt-hours within the threshold. 
• an insertion operator that inserts the account number, the kilowatt hours used and the accumulate charge into an output stream in the format shown below.

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 #include "Meter.h"

 int main ( ) {
     double payable;
     Meter m(4538, 0.047, 0.055, 750);

     m.record(600);
     cout << m << endl;
     m.record(250);
     cout << m << endl;
     payable = m.charge();
     cout << "To be paid $" << payable << endl;
     cout << m << endl;

     return 0;
 }

 4538  600 kwh $ 28.20
 4538  850 kwh $ 40.75
 To be paid $40.75
 4538    0 kwh $  0.00

BiMeter

Derive from Meter a class named BiMeter that holds information about the hydro-electric energy used and supplied by a household.  Sources of supply to the hydro-electric grid may include solar panels, windmills and other alternative energy devices.  Upon instantiation, a BiMeter object receives

• an integer holding an account number,
• a floating-point number holding the basic charge rate per kilowatt-hour,
• a floating-point number holding the excess charge rate per kilowatt-hour,
• an integer holding the maximum number of kilowatt-hours to which the basic charge rate applies and from which the excess charge rate applies,
• a floating-point number holding the discount factor to be applied to energy sources in calculating deductions and
• a null-terminated C-style string holding the name of the supplier. 

In calculating the deductions, your class first applies the excess rate to the kilowatt-hours supplied by the household up to a maximum that is the number of excess kilowatt-hours used and then applies the basic rate to the remaining kilowatt-hours.

Your design includes the following functions:

• void record(double) - a modifier that receives the kilowatt-hours exchanged since the last recording and accounts for this value.  If the value is positive, this modifier interprets the process as energy supplied by the grid.  If the value is negative, this modifier interprets the exchange as energy supplied to the grid. 
• double charge() - a modifier that returns the accumulated charge less the accumulated deduction recorded since the last initialization and re-initializes both the accumulated charge and the accumulated deduction to zero. 
• an insertion operator that inserts the account number, the kilowatt usage, the accumulated charge, the kilowatts supplied to the grid and the net accumulated charge after subtracting the accumulated deduction into an output stream in the format shown below.

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;
 #include "BiMeter.h"

 int main ( ) {
     double payable;
     BiMeter m(4538, 0.047, 0.055, 750,
                  0.5, "Fred Fox");

     m.record(600);
     cout << m << endl;
     m.record(250);
     cout << m << endl;
     m.record(-50);
     cout << m << endl;
     payable = m.charge();
     cout << "To be paid    $" << payable << endl;
     cout << m << endl;

     return 0;
 }

 4538  600 kwh $ 28.20
   less  0 kwh $ 28.20 Fred Fox
 4538  850 kwh $ 40.75
   less  0 kwh $ 40.75 Fred Fox
 4538  850 kwh $ 40.75
   less 50 kwh $ 39.38 Fred Fox
 To be paid    $39.375
 4538    0 kwh $  0.00
   less  0 kwh $  0.00 Fred Fox

• the assignment of one BiMeter object to another
• the passing by value of a BiMeter object to a function
• the passing by reference of a BiMeter object to a function that receives the reference to a BiMeter object or a Meter object.